The healthy nasopharyngeal microbiota is characterized by several microbial species such as Lactobacillaceae and Carnobacteriaceae spp. In particular, it has been shown that Lactobacilli decrease in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, representing an important factor for the diagnosis of diseases associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. The use of specific Lactobacilli represents a valid strategy due to their beneficial effects as probiotics with key beneficial function in patients with respiratory tract diseases.
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