Wall teichoic acid (WTA) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) are structural components of Gram-positive bacteria’s peptidoglycan and cell membrane, which are mostly anionic glycopolymers. WTA confers numerous physiological, virulence, and pathogenic features to bacterial pathogens. It controls cell shape, cell division, and the localisation of autolytic enzymes and ion homeostasis. Moreover, it aids bacterial cell attachment and colonization and protects against the host defense system and antibiotics. Therefore, WTA/LTA become one of the potential targets for antibacterial agents to reduce bacterial infection. This review demonstrated the role of WTA/LTA in biofilm development and virulence in Gram-positive bacteria and possible natural/synthetic compounds and nanomaterials in targeting WTA/LTA and controlling the bacterial infection.
suggested by Firas Diban